Each county, as was and is the case with the state and the nation, had an
official seal. In colonial days and perhaps through the nineteenth century,
these were probably all metal dies with which clerks made an impression in
wax to authenticate the document. A silversmith or goldsmith could create
such dies, just as in a few documented instances they created dies for
printing money, including counterfeit money.

Brent Tarter
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On Thu, Feb 3, 2022 at 10:44 AM Sally Phillips <
[log in to unmask]> wrote:

> So many Virginia local records copied by clerks end with a copied signature
> and the word seal.  What was this seal?  Wax and signet ring?  A carved
> tool such as Asian societies use?
>
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