David, Teachers tend to teach what they've been taught - or what is in the textbooks. As a rule, teachers do not have to time to discern their own "truths", but must rely on those provided by others. Considering that a teacher's career can span twenty or more years, and a lot of new information can come to light in that time, it is problematical to keep all teachers up-to-date. Teachers in Virginia are required to take courses every five years, but career needs and time constraints may dictate what courses are actually taken. I don't know of any college course that are called or considered "teacher catch up on new information in *subject*". I took one such course in special ed, which the professor assured me would provide the latest information in the field. Alas, when the class was assembled there were too many newbies to special education for her to fulfill her promise, and we just rehashed what I already knew. Anne Anne Pemberton [log in to unmask] http://www.erols.com/apembert http://www.educationalsynthesis.org ______________________________________ To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe please see the instructions at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html