I believe it was the name of a very early/initial follower of Muhammad-- as the religion of Islam was being formed. It was surely a name taken by many others over the years. -- Melinda C. P. Skinner Richmond, VA -------------- Original message ---------------------- From: jmduke <[log in to unmask]> > Lyle > > I heard years ago that Cassius Clay took the name Muhammad Ali not > knowing that it was the name of an infamous black African slave seller. > Whether this is true or not I don't know. > > Maurice Duke > > > > > > Lyle E. Browning wrote: > > My reason for asking is quite simple. I have a project in downtown > > Richmond upon which lived two slave traders of minor import. I am > > gathering intel so that I can create an appropriate context for > > archaeological work, possibly on their houses. Looking at two > > individuals in isolation is hardly a competent piece of work for > > comparative purposes. I prefer to work from the known universe into the > > unknown. What I am finding interesting is what these people did after > > they couldn't sell people anymore. Well, glad you asked, as a salesman > > is a salesman is a salesman. Real estate auctioneer and grocer are > > post-Civil War occupations the two on the block in question. Even Robert > > Lumpkin appears to have gone from jailer to boarding house patron > > afterward. > > > > I am quite conversant with the "philosophical" arguments of the African > > side of the horrible equation and of the Muslim side of the issue as > > well. That is not my focus as I don't really have a set of spare > > lifetimes to devote to it. Somewhere along the line, I did run into the > > name of an African king involved in capturing and selling other > > Africans, something that was apparently quite normal in their society. > > The alternative was death so.... > > > > But that's another story. > > > > Lyle Browning, RPA > > > > > > On Jun 24, 2008, at 5:28 PM, macbd1 wrote: > > > >> Lyle & Craig, > >> > >> Of likely greater importance to others, can someone provide the name > >> of one African man who may share accountabilities for the enslaving of > >> Africans and selling them at various African ports for profit, as > >> described below. The name of just one who was responsible for the > >> relatively few slaves who arrived in the British colony of Virginia > >> would be particulary appealing for a fiery inscription on a large rock > >> maybe placed on the south bank of the Potomac? The name of just one > >> man who may be held accountable for some of the atrocities described > >> below...? And when do atrocities amount to genocide...by Africans > >> against Africans! Why focus on slave traders and only consider a > >> secondary few in Virginia when others were primarily responsible for > >> the endless supply to the world over centuries? > >> > >> More at this link: > >> http://www.slaverysite.com/Body/maps.htm > >> > >> An excerpt for those who don't open the link: > >> > >> "A map of Africa today is shown; the sub-Sahara region, not including > >> South Africa, is where the European slave traders were active. The > >> Portuguese began dealing in black slaves from Africa in the 15th > >> century. Initially, they purchased slaves from Islamic traders, who > >> had established inland trading routes to the sub-Sahara region. Later, > >> as the Portuguese explored the coast of Africa, they came upon the > >> Senegal River, and found that they could purchase slaves directly from > >> black Africans. The European slave trading activity moved south along > >> the African coast over time, as far south as Angola. On the east coast > >> of Africa and in the Indian Ocean region, slaves were also taken from > >> Mozambique, Zanzibar and Madagascar. Many of the slaves were from the > >> interior of Africa, having been taken captive as a result of tribal > >> wars, or else having been kidnapped by black slave traders engaged in > >> the business of trading slaves for European goods. These slaves would > >> be marched to the coast to be sold, sometimes traveling hundreds of > >> miles. Many perished along the way - the numbers can only be > >> estimated. Lovejoy notes that losses on the ships were estimated at > >> 9-15 per cent, and losses at Dutch-ruled Cape Coast castle were > >> reported to be 6-7 per cent. Losses from the point of capture to the > >> point of arrival at the slave trading forts were estimated to be 40% > >> by Miller based on data from Angola. Using Thomas' figure of > >> 11,128,000 live slaves delivered to the New World during the Atlantic > >> slave trade, and considering Lovejoy's and Miller's estimates of > >> losses, the number of captured slaves in the interior of Africa is > >> estimated to be from 21.7 million to 23.5 million people. This figure > >> does not include the many who may have been killed in the process of > >> capture." > >> > >> > >> > >> Neil McDonald > >> > >> > >> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Craig Kilby" <[log in to unmask]> > >> To: <[log in to unmask]> > >> Sent: Tuesday, June 24, 2008 1:33 PM > >> Subject: Re: [VA-HIST] Richmond and VA slave Traders > >> > >> > >>> > >>> Lyle, > >>> > >>> What a great question, and I am hoping the answer is yes. I am > >>> currently working on a VFH grant to the Mary Ball Washington Museum > >>> and Library to abstract the estate records of Lancaster County from > >>> 1835-1865. We've finished the gathering phase and are now in the > >>> computer input stage. Needless to say, mention is sometimes made of > >>> a slave being sold in Richmond, but seldom by whom. > >>> > >>> To our surprise, such cases were rare. Perhaps about 10 such > >>> entries out of 1200 records. Even less frequent was the case of a > >>> slave being sold out of the estate at an estate sale or during the > >>> term of an account. Perhaps about 5 such entries for such an event. > >>> It seemed to be the norm to keep the slaves within the estate, and > >>> when divided between heirs to keep them in family groups. > >>> > >>> Regardless, I too would be interested in such a list. It would be a > >>> very valuable addition to this project. > >>> > >>> Thanks for thinking of the question, > >>> > >>> Craig Kilby > >>> Lancaster, VA > >>> > >>> On Jun 24, 2008, at 1:42 PM, Lyle E. Browning wrote: > >>> > >>>> Before I do this the hard way, has anyone got a spreadsheet or > >>>> other computerized list of slave traders for Richmond and for the > >>>> rest of VA? > >>>> > >>>> Thanks in advance, > >>>> > >>>> Lyle Browning, RPA > >>>> > >>>> ______________________________________ > >>>> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe please see the > >>>> instructions at > >>>> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > >>> > >>> ______________________________________ > >>> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe please see the > >>> instructions at > >>> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > >>> > >>> > >> > >> ______________________________________ > >> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe please see the > >> instructions at > >> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > > > ______________________________________ > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe please see the instructions at > > http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > > > ______________________________________ > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe please see the instructions at > http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html ______________________________________ To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe please see the instructions at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html