> Neil wrote, "I'm wondering how slaves and their children were > 'incorporated > into society' in any meaningful number when slave-descendants are > apparently > scant in the Middle-East." Thanks to Paul Heinegg for your informing comments, also to Lyle Browning, as to female slaves apparently contributing the African DNA into Middle-East societies over a millennia with many children emancipated, also from male soldier/slaves into India, and by additional means throughout that general area of the world. This has not been recognized by the Assyrian International News Agency and others who claim Muslim slave-trade descendants are scant in the Middle-East. Thanks also for the books and sources you both reference. Neil McDonald