Daniel Littlefield Jr. has written about Africans and Seminoles, Theda Perdue about slavery among the Cherokees. Some numbers: the 1835 US census of Cherokees living east of the Mississippi (before removal)found 16,542 Cherokees in 2637 households. The total number of African American slaves owned by the Cherokees in that year was 1592. Slavery was present among all the so-called Five Civilized Tribes of the Southeast, but I have never heard of any significant number of slaves owned by Indians in Virginia. Doug Deal To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html