Daniel Littlefield Jr. has written about Africans and Seminoles, Theda
Perdue about slavery among the Cherokees. Some numbers: the 1835 US census
of Cherokees living east of the Mississippi (before removal)found 16,542
Cherokees in 2637 households. The total number of African American slaves
owned by the Cherokees in that year was 1592. Slavery was present among
all the so-called Five Civilized Tribes of the Southeast, but I have never
heard of any significant number of slaves owned by Indians in Virginia.

Doug Deal

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