More citations concerning free black people's slave ownership: Carter G. Woodson, "Free Negro Owners of Slaves in the United States in 1830," _Journal of Negro History_ 9 (1924), ca. 41. Leonard P. Curry, _The Free Black in Urban America, 1800-1850: The Shadow of the Dream_ (Chicago, 1981), esp. p. 270. R. Halliburton, Jr., "Free Black Owners of Slaves," _South Carolina Historical Magazine_ 76 (1975), 129-42. Larry Koger, _Black Slaveowners: Free Black Slave Masters in South Carolina, 1790-1860_ (Jefferson, N.C., 1985) Michael P. Johnson and James L. Roark, _No Chariot Let Down: Charleston's Free People of Color on the Eve of the Civil War_ (Chapel Hill, 1984) Loren Schweninger, _Black property owners in the South, 1790-1915_ (Urbana, Ill., 1990) You might even consult my "Emancipators, Protectors, and Anomalies: Free Black Slaveowners in Virginia," _Virginia Magazine of History and Biography_ 95 (1987), 317-338. Phil Schwarz Va. Commonwealth Univ. Automatic digest processor wrote: > > There are 4 messages totalling 410 lines in this issue. > > Topics of the day: > > 1. Reparations and Free Black slave ownership > 2. Free Black slave ownership (3) > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions > at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Date: Mon, 13 May 2002 00:54:59 -0400 > From: "Stephan A. Schwartz" <[log in to unmask]> > Subject: Re: Reparations and Free Black slave ownership > > Thank you, Ed. > > -- Stephan > > on 5/12/02 10:46 PM, EDWARD BOND at [log in to unmask] wrote: > > > I believe that the diary of William Johnson, a free black Natchez slaveowner, > > is in print. > > > > Ed Bond > > Assistant Professor of History > > Alabama A&M University > >> ===== Original Message From Discussion of research and writing about Virginia > > history <[log in to unmask]> ===== > >> Paul -- > >> > >> Many thanks. Will take look tomorrow. > >> > >> -- Stephan > >> > >> on 5/12/02 10:40 AM, paul finkelman at [log in to unmask] wrote: > >> > >>> > >>> Russell, The Free Negro in Virginia, (1913); Luther P. Jackson, Free Negro > >>> Labor and Property Holding in Virginia (1942); John Hope Franklin, The > > Free > >>> Negro in North Carolina, (1943) > >> > >> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions > >> at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions > > at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > ------------------------------ > > Date: Mon, 13 May 2002 10:53:03 -0400 > From: "Harold S. Forsythe" <[log in to unmask]> > Subject: Re: Free Black slave ownership > > I think you can rely on Michael Johnson's meticulous scholarship without= > worry. > For an example, see the last two numbers of the William & Mary > Quarterly, where Johnson has reexamined the evidence for the > Denmark Vesey conspiracy and developed a new interpretation of > the events. The WMQ published a symposium on Johnson's > essay in its most recent edition. > > Date sent: Sun, 12 May 2002 22:44:15 -0400 > From: "Stephan A. Schwartz" <[log in to unmask]> > Subject: Re: Free Black slave ownership > To: [log in to unmask] > Send reply to: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history > <[log in to unmask]> > > > Thanks, Jon. Very good points, which will add nuance. I do know Berlin= > , > > that's where I started. > > > > -- Stephan > > > > > > on 5/12/02 9:36 AM, Jon Kukla at [log in to unmask] wrote: > > > > > Re question 2 and on the assumption that your gaze may extend beyond t= > he > > > boundaries of the Old Dominion.: I've just been reading Carl Brasseaux= > 's > > > essay on "Creoles of Color in Louisiana's Bayou Country" in connection > > > with my book on the Louisiana Purchase - He offers very reliable figur= > es > > > on slave-holding by free people of color and raises the question and > > > attempts to gauge the degree to which _some_ of their slave purchases > > > were done for the purpose of manumitting or taking care of family > > > members - while others were for laborers and with attitudes that > > > paralleled their white planter neighbors. Of course Louisiana had a > > > different legal approach to manumission than Virginia; the Louisiana l= > aw > > > & practice is well described in the late Kim Hanger's essay on The > > > Origins of NEw Orleans's Free People of Color - Both essays are found = > in > > > James H. Dormon, ed Creoles of Color of the Gulf South (Knoxville: Uni= > v > > > of Tenn Press1996) along with other good things. I trust you're famili= > ar > > > with Ira Berlin's Slaves without Masters (New York: Oxford 1974) and > > > Berlin's more recent big book (title of which eludes me until the coff= > ee > > > kicks in........) Brasseaux (who edits the journal Louisiana History) > > > says good things about H. E. Sterkx's The Free Negro in Ante-Bellum > > > Louisiana (Rutherford NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press 1976 > > > > > > Jon Kukla > > > > > > "Stephan A. Schwartz" wrote: > > > > > >> I am doing research for a major national magazine piece I have been > > >> asked to do which will touch on the issue of reparations. In the > > >> course of my work, I have come across the following volume: > > >> > > >> Black Masters. A Family of Color in the Old South, Michael P. Johnson > > >> and James L. Roak New York: Norton, 1984) > > >> > > >> Two questions for the list: > > >> > > >> 1.) Although the book seems sound, and comes from a reputable > > >> publisher, does anyone know any reason I should be leery of the > > >> research it uses (I am more interested in the research than the > > >> arguments); > > >> > > >> 2.) Can anyone provide any additional material on free black ownersh= > ip > > >> of slaves. > > >> > > >> I am not writing a polemical piece and am not interested in arguing a > > >> partisan position. My interest is solely factual accuracy, so that I > > >> give an honest presentation of the history here. Since this is such = > an > > >> explosive subject, I want to make sure I am on firm ground, and would > > >> appreciate any input from other members of this list. > > >> > > >> Thanks. > > >> > > >> -- Stephan > > >> > > >> Stephan A. Schwartz =80 Email: [log in to unmask] > > >> Personal Website: http://www.stephanaschwartz.com =80 Schwartzrep= > ort: > > >> http://www.schwartzreport.net 147 Pinewood Road, Virginia Beach, > > >> Virginia 22932 =80 Voice: 757.422.4549 > > >> > > >> > > >> > > >> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the > > >> instructions at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > > > > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the > > > instructions at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instruction= > s > > at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > Harold S. Forsythe > Assistant Professor History > Director: Black Studies > Fairfield University > Fairfield, CT 06430-5195 > (203) 254-4000 x2379 > > ------------------------------ > > Date: Mon, 13 May 2002 11:34:12 -0400 > From: John Hopkins <[log in to unmask]> > Subject: Re: Free Black slave ownership > > -----Original Message----- > From: Stephan A. Schwartz [mailto:[log in to unmask]] > Sent: Sunday, May 12, 2002 10:44 PM > To: [log in to unmask] > Subject: Re: Free Black slave ownership > > Thanks, Jon. Very good points, which will add nuance. I do know Berlin, > that's where I started. > > -- Stephan > > on 5/12/02 9:36 AM, Jon Kukla at [log in to unmask] wrote: > > > Re question 2 and on the assumption that your gaze may extend beyond the > > boundaries of the Old Dominion.: I've just been reading Carl Brasseaux's > essay > > on "Creoles of Color in Louisiana's Bayou Country" in connection with my > book > > on > > the Louisiana Purchase - He offers very reliable figures on slave-holding > by > > free people of color and raises the question and attempts to gauge the > degree > > to > > which _some_ of their slave purchases were done for the purpose of > manumitting > > or taking care of family members - while others were for laborers and with > > attitudes that paralleled their white planter neighbors. Of course > Louisiana > > had > > a different legal approach to manumission than Virginia; the Louisiana law > & > > practice is well described in the late Kim Hanger's essay on The Origins > of > > NEw > > Orleans's Free People of Color - Both essays are found in James H. Dormon, > ed > > Creoles of Color of the Gulf South (Knoxville: Univ of Tenn Press1996) > along > > with other good things. > > I trust you're familiar with Ira Berlin's Slaves without Masters (New > York: > > Oxford 1974) and Berlin's more recent big book (title of which eludes me > until > > the coffee kicks in........) Brasseaux (who edits the journal Louisiana > > History) says good things about H. E. Sterkx's The Free Negro in > Ante-Bellum > > Louisiana (Rutherford NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press 1976 > > > > Jon Kukla > > > > "Stephan A. Schwartz" wrote: > > > >> I am doing research for a major national magazine piece I have been asked > to > >> do which will touch on the issue of reparations. In the course of my > work, > >> I have come across the following volume: > >> > >> Black Masters. A Family of Color in the Old South, Michael P. Johnson and > >> James L. Roak New York: Norton, 1984) > >> > >> Two questions for the list: > >> > >> 1.) Although the book seems sound, and comes from a reputable publisher, > >> does anyone know any reason I should be leery of the research it uses (I > am > >> more interested in the research than the arguments); > >> > >> 2.) Can anyone provide any additional material on free black ownership > of > >> slaves. > >> > >> I am not writing a polemical piece and am not interested in arguing a > >> partisan position. My interest is solely factual accuracy, so that I > give > >> an honest presentation of the history here. Since this is such an > explosive > >> subject, I want to make sure I am on firm ground, and would appreciate > any > >> input from other members of this list. > >> > >> Thanks. > >> > >> -- Stephan > >> > >> Stephan A. Schwartz EUR Email: [log in to unmask] > >> Personal Website: http://www.stephanaschwartz.com EUR Schwartzreport: > >> http://www.schwartzreport.net 147 Pinewood Road, Virginia Beach, > Virginia > >> 22932 EUR Voice: 757.422.4549 > >> > >> > >> > >> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions > >> at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions > > at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions > at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > ------------------------------ > > Date: Mon, 13 May 2002 12:12:11 -0400 > From: "Stephan A. Schwartz" <[log in to unmask]> > Subject: Re: Free Black slave ownership > > Thank you, Harold. I thought as much, but it consensus builds confidence i= > n > such things. > > -- Stephan=20 > > on 5/13/02 10:53 AM, Harold S. Forsythe at [log in to unmask] > wrote: > > > I think you can rely on Michael Johnson's meticulous scholarship without > > worry. > > For an example, see the last two numbers of the William & Mary > > Quarterly, where Johnson has reexamined the evidence for the > > Denmark Vesey conspiracy and developed a new interpretation of > > the events. The WMQ published a symposium on Johnson's > > essay in its most recent edition. > >=20 > > Date sent: Sun, 12 May 2002 22:44:15 -0400 > > From: "Stephan A. Schwartz" <[log in to unmask]> > > Subject: Re: Free Black slave ownership > > To: [log in to unmask] > > Send reply to: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia > > history > > <[log in to unmask]> > >=20 > >> Thanks, Jon. Very good points, which will add nuance. I do know Berlin= > , > >> that's where I started. > >>=20 > >> -- Stephan > >>=20 > >>=20 > >> on 5/12/02 9:36 AM, Jon Kukla at [log in to unmask] wrote: > >>=20 > >>> Re question 2 and on the assumption that your gaze may extend beyond th= > e > >>> boundaries of the Old Dominion.: I've just been reading Carl Brasseaux'= > s > >>> essay on "Creoles of Color in Louisiana's Bayou Country" in connection > >>> with my book on the Louisiana Purchase - He offers very reliable figure= > s > >>> on slave-holding by free people of color and raises the question and > >>> attempts to gauge the degree to which _some_ of their slave purchases > >>> were done for the purpose of manumitting or taking care of family > >>> members - while others were for laborers and with attitudes that > >>> paralleled their white planter neighbors. Of course Louisiana had a > >>> different legal approach to manumission than Virginia; the Louisiana la= > w > >>> & practice is well described in the late Kim Hanger's essay on The > >>> Origins of NEw Orleans's Free People of Color - Both essays are found i= > n > >>> James H. Dormon, ed Creoles of Color of the Gulf South (Knoxville: Univ > >>> of Tenn Press1996) along with other good things. I trust you're familia= > r > >>> with Ira Berlin's Slaves without Masters (New York: Oxford 1974) and > >>> Berlin's more recent big book (title of which eludes me until the coffe= > e > >>> kicks in........) Brasseaux (who edits the journal Louisiana History) > >>> says good things about H. E. Sterkx's The Free Negro in Ante-Bellum > >>> Louisiana (Rutherford NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press 1976 > >>>=20 > >>> Jon Kukla > >>>=20 > >>> "Stephan A. Schwartz" wrote: > >>>=20 > >>>> I am doing research for a major national magazine piece I have been > >>>> asked to do which will touch on the issue of reparations. In the > >>>> course of my work, I have come across the following volume: > >>>>=20 > >>>> Black Masters. A Family of Color in the Old South, Michael P. Johnson > >>>> and James L. Roak New York: Norton, 1984) > >>>>=20 > >>>> Two questions for the list: > >>>>=20 > >>>> 1.) Although the book seems sound, and comes from a reputable > >>>> publisher, does anyone know any reason I should be leery of the > >>>> research it uses (I am more interested in the research than the > >>>> arguments); > >>>>=20 > >>>> 2.) Can anyone provide any additional material on free black ownershi= > p > >>>> of slaves. > >>>>=20 > >>>> I am not writing a polemical piece and am not interested in arguing a > >>>> partisan position. My interest is solely factual accuracy, so that I > >>>> give an honest presentation of the history here. Since this is such a= > n > >>>> explosive subject, I want to make sure I am on firm ground, and would > >>>> appreciate any input from other members of this list. > >>>>=20 > >>>> Thanks. > >>>>=20 > >>>> -- Stephan > >>>>=20 > >>>> Stephan A. Schwartz =80 Email: [log in to unmask] > >>>> Personal Website: http://www.stephanaschwartz.com =80 Schwartzreport= > : > >>>> http://www.schwartzreport.net 147 Pinewood Road, Virginia Beach, > >>>> Virginia 22932 =80 Voice: 757.422.4549 > >>>>=20 > >>>>=20 > >>>>=20 > >>>> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the > >>>> instructions at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > >>>=20 > >>> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the > >>> instructions at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > >>=20 > >> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instruction= > s > >> at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > >=20 > >=20 > > Harold S. Forsythe > > Assistant Professor History > > Director: Black Studies > > Fairfield University > > Fairfield, CT 06430-5195 > > (203) 254-4000 x2379 > >=20 > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions > > at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html > > ------------------------------ > > End of VA-HIST Digest - 12 May 2002 to 13 May 2002 (#2002-91) > ************************************************************* To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html