The tithable lists at LVA have been cataloged. One can search for them
at the LVA online catalog at http://www.lva.virginia.gov/
One can also search our EAD records for tithable lists found at LVA
http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/small/vhp/
We recently conserved and catalogued Accomack County tithable lists,
1738-1769 -
http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/lva/vi03230.frame
Images of a couple of the Accomack County tithable lists can be found on
the LVA's Out of the Box blog.
http://www.virginiamemory.com/blogs/out_of_the_box/2011/04/27/treasure-i
n-the-attic-accomack-county-colonial-era-records/
Greg Crawford
Local Records Program Manager
Library of Virginia
-----Original Message-----
From: Research and writing about Virginia genealogy and family history.
[mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Steve Worrel
Sent: Tuesday, June 07, 2011 7:41 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] VA-ROOTS Digest - 4 Jun 2011 to 6 Jun 2011
(#2011-89)
Virginia Tithables
The Archives MSS. Reference Desk at the Virginia Archives as of a few
years
ago maintained a loose-leaf list of survivng county tithable lists, rent
rolls and poll lists, in whatever form and wherever found, which they
let me
copy. It would be useful for this to be put on their Internet web site.
On Tue, Jun 7, 2011 at 12:00 AM, VA-ROOTS automatic digest system <
[log in to unmask]> wrote:
> There are 12 messages totalling 1812 lines in this issue.
>
> Topics of the day:
>
> 1. Parrish Family (2)
> 2. qualifications to be witness or surety?
> 3. age to pay taxes in 1817? (6)
> 4. Reseaching Colonial Families for early Virginia 1635 to 1779
> 5. Orphan bound by church wardens
> 6. Almost Everything You Wanted to Know About Tithables in VA & NC
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Date: Sun, 5 Jun 2011 01:28:02 -0400
> From: Margie Puckett Barton <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Re: Parrish Family
>
> Sorry to break in but I was researching Granville County, NC and
thought =
> you=20
> might want to look at this link=20
> http://files.usgwarchives.net/nc/granville/deeds/parish1.txt
> may not be anything but saw the Parish Family documents.
>
> Margie
>
> -----Original Message-----=20
> From: Poldi Tonin
> Sent: Wednesday, June 01, 2011 6:16 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] Parrish Family
>
> Sharon:
> Have you looked at the Parrish families in Pittsylvania Co. VA?
> Also in Isle of Wight area?
> As for Clarks/Clarkes in SC, Some of the children of Francis Clarke
migra=
> ted
> to Anson Co. NC in mid 1700s. They are also to be found across the
border
> near the Pee Dee River in what is now Darlington Co. and was the
Cheraw.
>
> I am a Langford/Lankford researcher and folks with this name married
Clar=
> ks
> and Parrish families in Virginia. They also married Griffins in Greene
> County Mississippi where many SC families migrated in early 1800's
while =
> it
> was still the Mississippi Territory.
> One Langford man married a Lois Mullins in Kentucky about 1810. He was
> Stephen Lankford of Pittsylvania Co. VA son of Benajmin Lankford.
Mullins
> family are found in Pittsylvania Co.
>
> Sorry to say that most records of Pittsylvania are not abstracted nor
fil=
> med
> by FHC. They may be available in Archives in
> Richmond and available through the archives on Interlibrary loan. I
found
> that requests were slow in being filled and had to send backup
requests.
>
> The Dallas library has some of the abstracted records for Pittsylvania
Co=
> .
> in book form and also Halifax Co. records are available in book form.
As =
> to
> microfilm, at this time I am not sure if they have been able to
purchase
> Halifax Co. records.
> Pittsylvania Co. microfilmed records are being held hostage in
Pittsylvan=
> ia
> Co. and in the VA archives. FHC has been denied access to film these
> records. You can check the Library of Virginia page for further
caveats
> regarding access to Pittsylvania Co.records.
>
> Dallas library is open on Saturdays and on Sunday afternoons. That is
unt=
> il
> further budget cuts are made.
> Their holdings as far as books are concerned and is on line. Check out
> DallasCityHall.com and click on library.
> Or just Google Dallas Public Library, Main library on Young Street.
> I don't think you will need a library card to access the genealogy or
> history depts. index.
> I recently purchased all the books still available for Pittsylvania
Co.
>
> Good hunting.
>
> Poldi in Dallas.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On Tue, May 31, 2011 at 6:09 PM, Sharon Clark <[log in to unmask]>
wrot=
> e:
>
> > I think this Parish/Parrish family might be part of my family. Both
of=
> my
> > parents were descendants of Mary Green and Richard Griffin, Sr. of
Hali=
> fax
> > Co., VA My dad was a descendant of their son, John Griffin, who
marrie=
> d
> > Sarah Parrish. My mother was a descendant of Mary Green and Richard
> > Griffin's son, Ralph Griffin, who married a lady named Susannah. I
hav=
> e=20
> > not
> > discovered her surname, but their daughter, Susannah Griffin,
married=20
> > Peter
> > Jarrett.
> >
> > Sarah Parrish and John Griffin's daughter, Sarah "Sally" Griffin,
marri=
> ed
> > Reuben Jones who died after 13 Jul 1811 in Halifax Co., VA. Their=20
> > daughter,
> > Mary "Polly" Jones married Daniel Campbell Goode. The Goodes had a
son=
> ,
> > Daniel Campbell Goode, Jr., who married Nancy Ann McCoy, and ended
up i=
> n
> > Bell Co., TX, after first living in GA and then Randolph Co., AL.
They=
> =20
> > were
> > my gg-grandparents. Their daughter, Parthenia Goode, married Henry
Cal=
> eb
> > Clay Clark in 1867, AL. Parthenia died Oct 1875 in Clay Co., AL.
> >
> > Henry Caleb Clay Clark was the son of Mary Mullins and Caleb Clark
who
> > married 1828 in Hall Co., GA. We have not been able to discover
who=20
> > Caleb's
> > parents were. Caleb was drafted into the War of 1812 in SC, so we
assu=
> me=20
> > he
> > lived in SC, but we are not sure where he was born. In the 1880
census=
> ,
> > some of his children show he was born in SC. He was in Talladega
Co., =
> AL=20
> > in
> > the early 1850s when he signed an application for bounty land, but
we=20
> > can't
> > find the family in 1850. He died in 1857.
> >
> > I would love to know more about the Parrish family. Several years
ago =
> a
> > gentleman sent me some Parrish information, and it indicated that
John
> > Griffin, Jr., son of Sarah Parrish and John Griffin, married
Sally=20
> > Parrish,
> > and that she was a descendant of Humphrey Parish.
> >
> > If anyone can help me out on any of these families, I would love to
hea=
> r
> > from you.
> >
> > Best wishes,
> > Sharon Clark
> > Fort Worth, TX
> > [log in to unmask]
> >
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Research and writing about Virginia genealogy and family
history.
> > [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Janice Friel
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 31, 2011 1:05 PM
> > To: [log in to unmask]
> > Subject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] Reseaching Colonial Families for early
Virginia
> > 1635 to 1779
> >
> > I dont know id this helps but I have reseatches the Parrish family
for =
> my
> > cousins back to Edward Parish b. 1727 St. Peters parish.
> >
> > Janice
> >
> > Sent from my Samsung Captivate(tm) on AT&T
> >
> > [log in to unmask] wrote:
> >
> > >I AM SEARCHING THE VA. Parish before 1643 the birth date of Humphy
Par=
> ish
> > the Father of John 1694 I would like the find the father of Humphy.
Bil=
> l
> > Parish (Parrish)
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >-----Original Message-----
> > >From: Billie <[log in to unmask]>
> > >To: VA-ROOTS <[log in to unmask]>
> > >Sent: Tue, May 31, 2011 9:17 am
> > >Subject: Re: Reseaching Colonial Families for early Virginia 1635
to 1=
> 779
> > >
> > >
> > >I know your question wasn't directed to me, but I was reading the
emai=
> ls
> > with
> > >uch interest because my ancestors were immigrants to Virginia,
also. =
> I
> > found
> > >his website on Google concerning the book that Mary made reference
to:
> > >http://www.evmedia.com/virginia/
> > >I am researching the Williams line which is quite a "tall order".
I a=
> m
> > >earching for more information on Joseph Williams, who was born
around=20
> > >1700
> > and
> > > son of Thomas Williams. Joseph had a son named Bly who was named
in
> > Thomas'
> > >ill, but I have been unsuccessful so far in finding out what
happened =
> to
> > Bly.
> > >f anyone has any information on this line, I would love to hear
from y=
> ou.
> > >----- Original Message -----
> > >rom: "Sharon Hughes" <[log in to unmask]>
> > >o: [log in to unmask]
> > >ent: Tuesday, May 31, 2011 9:21:32 AM
> > >ubject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] Reseaching Colonial Families for early
Virginia
> > 1635 to
> > >779
> > >Margie,
> > >hat book is it that you are referring to? I am researching my
family
> > >istory and am hoping there is something out there that I have not
come
> > >cross yet.
> > >I am looking for information on John Richards, John Richards, Jr.,
Rob=
> ert
> > >ird I, and Anna Bird.
> > > It is thought that John Richards, Jr. married Anna Bird, daughter
of
> > Robert
> > >ird I and Catherine Holmes.
> > >I have only been able to go back to 1681-2 for John Richards, when
he
> > >eceived a land grant for 1670 acres in St. Stephen's Parish. This
lan=
> d
> > >djoined land owned by Robert Bird in what is referred to as
Dragon's
> > Swamp.
> > >I am hoping to find information that indicates Richards'
whereabouts
> > prior
> > >o this time. I would especially like to learn when the Richards
arriv=
> ed
> > in
> > >irginia.
> > > have one source that states Robert Bird was born in 1637 in New
Kent
> > >ounty.
> > >Any leads would be greatly appreciated.
> > >Sharon Celsor-Hughes
> > >On Mon, May 30, 2011 at 10:11 AM, Mary Kinch <[log in to unmask]>
wrote:
> > >> Hi Margie,
> > >
> > > I have a book with the names of Early Virginia Immigrants from=20
> > > 1623-1666.
> > > There are no Womack or Puckett but there are a lot of Allen's.
Do y=
> ou
> > have
> > > a first name or names of your Allen Family that I could look up
for y=
> ou?
> > >
> > > Sincerely,
> > > Mary Kinch
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Margie Puckett Barton <[log in to unmask]>
> > > To: [log in to unmask]
> > > Sent: Sat, May 28, 2011 11:53 am
> > > Subject: [VA-ROOTS] Reseaching Colonial Families for early
Virginia 1=
> 635
> > to
> > > 1779
> > >
> > >
> > > Hello, I=92m new to this list and planning to trip to Richmond in
the=
> next
> > > couple
> > > f weeks for research. My Womack, Puckett and Allen family is from
> > Henrico,
> > > melia and Chesterfield Counties from 1635 to 1779 or at least the
one=
> s
> > I=92m
> > > esearching. I have hit a brick wall on Thomas Hobby Puckett born
abo=
> ut
> > > 1743 in
> > > enrico and died in 1802, I am trying to connect him to his
father=20
> > > Richard
> > > uckett, Jr born in 1719 Henrico and died in Amelia County in 1777.
I
> > would
> > > ppreciate any help or suggestions.
> > > Thank you,
> > > argie Puckett Barton
> > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the=20
> > > instructions
> > > at
> > > ttp://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> > >
> > >
> > > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the=20
> > > instructions
> > > at
> > > http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> > >
> > >To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructi=
> ons
> > at
> > >ttp://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> > >To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructi=
> ons
> > at
> > >ttp://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> > >
> > >
> > >To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructi=
> ons
> > at
> > >http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> >
> > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructio=
> ns
> > at
> > http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> >
>
>
>
> --=20
>
> "She is insane, of course. The family history has become a mania for
her.=
> "
> Hercule Poirot
>
> http://www.FrontPorchRockerNews.blogspot.com
>
> http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Langford
> This project includes Lankford spelling also.
>
> "Truth and reason are eternal. They have prevailed. And they will
> eternally prevail; however, in times and places they may be overborne
> for a while by violence, military, civil, or ecclesiastical."
> --Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, 1810
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions=
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html=20
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Sun, 5 Jun 2011 14:30:30 -0400
> From: "Carole D. Bryant" <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: qualifications to be witness or surety?
>
> In 1819, my great-great-grandfather was surety and witness for a
Halifax
> County marriage bond, etc. Does this indicate that he was 21 or over?
OR,
> was
> it possible for a "minor" to serve as a surety and/or a witness?
>
> Thank you very much,
> Carole
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Sun, 5 Jun 2011 15:22:47 -0400
> From: "Carole D. Bryant" <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> This question can be combined with my earlier question.
>
> If a young man paid Virginia Personal Property taxes in 1817 (county
levies
> $.35; parish levies $.44), it would mean he was over what age?
>
> Thank you very much.
> Carole
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Sun, 5 Jun 2011 07:41:38 -0400
> From: Janice Friel <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Re: Reseaching Colonial Families for early Virginia 1635 to
1779
>
>
>
VGhlcmUgd2VyZSBzZXZlcmFsIFdpbGxpYW1zLiBGYW1pbGllcyBpbiBWYS4gYXQgdGhlIHNh
bWUg
>
>
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ZS4K
>
>
CkZ1bm55IEkgbGl2ZSB2ZXJ5IGNsb3NlIHRvIFZhbGxleSBGb3JnZS4KCkphbmljZQoKU2Vu
dCBm
>
>
cm9tIG15IFNhbXN1bmcgQ2FwdGl2YXRlKHRtKSBvbiBBVCZUCgpybHYxOEBKVU5PLkNPTSB3
cm90
>
>
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YSBM
>
>
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ciAx
>
>
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ZnRl
>
>
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ZSBl
>
>
bmQgb2YgdGhlIHdhci4gSSBkbyBub3Qga25vdyBmb3Igc3VyZSB3aG8gaGlzIGZhdGhlciB3
YXMg
>
>
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IDE3
>
>
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>
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aGlz
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>
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c29u
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>
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b2Yg
>
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>
>
ZXIuCj4KPiAgICAgICAgSSBoYXZlIG5vIHJlY29yZCBvZiBhIFdpbGxpYW0gV2lsbGlhbXMu
IAo+
>
>
Cj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAg
>
>
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAg
>
>
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCj4gICAgICAgIFNpbmNlcmVs
eSwK
>
>
PiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAg
>
>
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKPiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAg
>
>
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCj5SZWdpbmFsZCBMLiBWYXNzYXIg
ICAg
>
>
ICAgICAgICAgICAgCj5fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19f
X19f
>
>
X19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX18KPkdyb3Vwb24uY29tIE9mZmljaWFsIFNpdGUKPjEgaHVnZSBk
YWls
>
>
eSBkZWFsIG9uIHRoZSBiZXN0IHN0dWZmIHRvIGRvIGluIHlvdXIgY2l0eS4gVHJ5IGl0IHRv
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>
>
IQo+aHR0cDovL3RoaXJkcGFydHlvZmZlcnMuanVuby5jb20vVEdMMzE0MS80ZGU5MmRiNzdi
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>
>
MWUyOGE5c3QwNnZ1Ywo+Cj5UbyBzdWJzY3JpYmUsIGNoYW5nZSBvcHRpb25zLCBvciB1bnN1
YnNj
>
>
cmliZSwgcGxlYXNlIHNlZSB0aGUgaW5zdHJ1Y3Rpb25zIGF0Cj5odHRwOi8vbGlzdGx2YS5s
aWIu
> dmEudXMvYXJjaGl2ZXMvdmEtcm9vdHMuaHRtbAo=
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2011 11:02:56 -0400
> From: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: Parrish Family
>
> I believe the Humphrey Parrish (Parish) you might be loking for is
the
> son=
> of Brissie Parrish, Bill Parrish
>
>
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Margie Puckett Barton <[log in to unmask]>
> To: VA-ROOTS <[log in to unmask]>
> Sent: Sun, Jun 5, 2011 11:06 pm
> Subject: Re: Parrish Family
>
>
> Sorry to break in but I was researching Granville County, NC and
thought
> yo=
> u=20
> ight want to look at this link=20
> ttp://files.usgwarchives.net/nc/granville/deeds/parish1.txt
> ay not be anything but saw the Parish Family documents.
> Margie
> -----Original Message-----=20
> rom: Poldi Tonin
> ent: Wednesday, June 01, 2011 6:16 PM
> o: [log in to unmask]
> ubject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] Parrish Family
> Sharon:
> ave you looked at the Parrish families in Pittsylvania Co. VA?
> lso in Isle of Wight area?
> s for Clarks/Clarkes in SC, Some of the children of Francis Clarke
migrated
> o Anson Co. NC in mid 1700s. They are also to be found across the
border
> ear the Pee Dee River in what is now Darlington Co. and was the
Cheraw.
> I am a Langford/Lankford researcher and folks with this name married
Clarks
> nd Parrish families in Virginia. They also married Griffins in Greene
> ounty Mississippi where many SC families migrated in early 1800's
while it
> as still the Mississippi Territory.
> ne Langford man married a Lois Mullins in Kentucky about 1810. He was
> tephen Lankford of Pittsylvania Co. VA son of Benajmin Lankford.
Mullins
> amily are found in Pittsylvania Co.
> Sorry to say that most records of Pittsylvania are not abstracted nor
> filme=
> d
> y FHC. They may be available in Archives in
> ichmond and available through the archives on Interlibrary loan. I
found
> hat requests were slow in being filled and had to send backup
requests.
> The Dallas library has some of the abstracted records for Pittsylvania
Co.
> n book form and also Halifax Co. records are available in book form.
As to
> icrofilm, at this time I am not sure if they have been able to
purchase
> alifax Co. records.
> ittsylvania Co. microfilmed records are being held hostage in
Pittsylvania
> o. and in the VA archives. FHC has been denied access to film these
> ecords. You can check the Library of Virginia page for further caveats
> egarding access to Pittsylvania Co.records.
> Dallas library is open on Saturdays and on Sunday afternoons. That is
until
> urther budget cuts are made.
> heir holdings as far as books are concerned and is on line. Check out
> allasCityHall.com and click on library.
> r just Google Dallas Public Library, Main library on Young Street.
> don't think you will need a library card to access the genealogy or
> istory depts. index.
> recently purchased all the books still available for Pittsylvania Co.
> Good hunting.
> Poldi in Dallas.
>
>
>
>
> n Tue, May 31, 2011 at 6:09 PM, Sharon Clark <[log in to unmask]>
wrote:
> > I think this Parish/Parrish family might be part of my family. Both
of
> m=
> y
> parents were descendants of Mary Green and Richard Griffin, Sr. of
Halifax
> Co., VA My dad was a descendant of their son, John Griffin, who
married
> Sarah Parrish. My mother was a descendant of Mary Green and Richard
> Griffin's son, Ralph Griffin, who married a lady named Susannah. I
have=
> =20
> not
> discovered her surname, but their daughter, Susannah Griffin,
married=20
> Peter
> Jarrett.
>
> Sarah Parrish and John Griffin's daughter, Sarah "Sally" Griffin,
married
> Reuben Jones who died after 13 Jul 1811 in Halifax Co., VA. Their=20
> daughter,
> Mary "Polly" Jones married Daniel Campbell Goode. The Goodes had a
son,
> Daniel Campbell Goode, Jr., who married Nancy Ann McCoy, and ended up
in
> Bell Co., TX, after first living in GA and then Randolph Co., AL.
They=20
> were
> my gg-grandparents. Their daughter, Parthenia Goode, married Henry
Caleb
> Clay Clark in 1867, AL. Parthenia died Oct 1875 in Clay Co., AL.
>
> Henry Caleb Clay Clark was the son of Mary Mullins and Caleb Clark
who
> married 1828 in Hall Co., GA. We have not been able to discover
who=20
> Caleb's
> parents were. Caleb was drafted into the War of 1812 in SC, so we
assume=
> =20
> he
> lived in SC, but we are not sure where he was born. In the 1880
census,
> some of his children show he was born in SC. He was in Talladega
Co., AL=
> =20
> in
> the early 1850s when he signed an application for bounty land, but
we=20
> can't
> find the family in 1850. He died in 1857.
>
> I would love to know more about the Parrish family. Several years
ago a
> gentleman sent me some Parrish information, and it indicated that
John
> Griffin, Jr., son of Sarah Parrish and John Griffin, married Sally=20
> Parrish,
> and that she was a descendant of Humphrey Parish.
>
> If anyone can help me out on any of these families, I would love to
hear
> from you.
>
> Best wishes,
> Sharon Clark
> Fort Worth, TX
> [log in to unmask]
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Research and writing about Virginia genealogy and family
history.
> [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Janice Friel
> Sent: Tuesday, May 31, 2011 1:05 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] Reseaching Colonial Families for early
Virginia
> 1635 to 1779
>
> I dont know id this helps but I have reseatches the Parrish family
for my
> cousins back to Edward Parish b. 1727 St. Peters parish.
>
> Janice
>
> Sent from my Samsung Captivate(tm) on AT&T
>
> [log in to unmask] wrote:
>
> >I AM SEARCHING THE VA. Parish before 1643 the birth date of Humphy
Parish
> the Father of John 1694 I would like the find the father of Humphy.
Bill
> Parish (Parrish)
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: Billie <[log in to unmask]>
> >To: VA-ROOTS <[log in to unmask]>
> >Sent: Tue, May 31, 2011 9:17 am
> >Subject: Re: Reseaching Colonial Families for early Virginia 1635 to
1779
> >
> >
> >I know your question wasn't directed to me, but I was reading the
emails
> with
> >uch interest because my ancestors were immigrants to Virginia, also.
I
> found
> >his website on Google concerning the book that Mary made reference
to:
> >http://www.evmedia.com/virginia/
> >I am researching the Williams line which is quite a "tall order". I
am
> >earching for more information on Joseph Williams, who was born
around=20
> >1700
> and
> > son of Thomas Williams. Joseph had a son named Bly who was named in
> Thomas'
> >ill, but I have been unsuccessful so far in finding out what
happened to
> Bly.
> >f anyone has any information on this line, I would love to hear from
you.
> >----- Original Message -----
> >rom: "Sharon Hughes" <[log in to unmask]>
> >o: [log in to unmask]
> >ent: Tuesday, May 31, 2011 9:21:32 AM
> >ubject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] Reseaching Colonial Families for early
Virginia
> 1635 to
> >779
> >Margie,
> >hat book is it that you are referring to? I am researching my
family
> >istory and am hoping there is something out there that I have not
come
> >cross yet.
> >I am looking for information on John Richards, John Richards, Jr.,
Robert
> >ird I, and Anna Bird.
> > It is thought that John Richards, Jr. married Anna Bird, daughter
of
> Robert
> >ird I and Catherine Holmes.
> >I have only been able to go back to 1681-2 for John Richards, when
he
> >eceived a land grant for 1670 acres in St. Stephen's Parish. This
land
> >djoined land owned by Robert Bird in what is referred to as Dragon's
> Swamp.
> >I am hoping to find information that indicates Richards'
whereabouts
> prior
> >o this time. I would especially like to learn when the Richards
arrived
> in
> >irginia.
> > have one source that states Robert Bird was born in 1637 in New
Kent
> >ounty.
> >Any leads would be greatly appreciated.
> >Sharon Celsor-Hughes
> >On Mon, May 30, 2011 at 10:11 AM, Mary Kinch <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
> >> Hi Margie,
> >
> > I have a book with the names of Early Virginia Immigrants from=20
> > 1623-1666.
> > There are no Womack or Puckett but there are a lot of Allen's. Do
you
> have
> > a first name or names of your Allen Family that I could look up for
you?
> >
> > Sincerely,
> > Mary Kinch
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Margie Puckett Barton <[log in to unmask]>
> > To: [log in to unmask]
> > Sent: Sat, May 28, 2011 11:53 am
> > Subject: [VA-ROOTS] Reseaching Colonial Families for early Virginia
1635
> to
> > 1779
> >
> >
> > Hello, I=E2=80=99m new to this list and planning to trip to
Richmond in
> =
> the next
> > couple
> > f weeks for research. My Womack, Puckett and Allen family is from
> Henrico,
> > melia and Chesterfield Counties from 1635 to 1779 or at least the
ones
> I=E2=80=99m
> > esearching. I have hit a brick wall on Thomas Hobby Puckett born
about
> > 1743 in
> > enrico and died in 1802, I am trying to connect him to his
father=20
> > Richard
> > uckett, Jr born in 1719 Henrico and died in Amelia County in 1777.
I
> would
> > ppreciate any help or suggestions.
> > Thank you,
> > argie Puckett Barton
> > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the=20
> > instructions
> > at
> > ttp://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> >
> >
> > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the=20
> > instructions
> > at
> > http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> >
> >To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> >ttp://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> >To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> >ttp://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
> >
> >
> >To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> >http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
>
> --=20
> "She is insane, of course. The family history has become a mania for
her."
> ercule Poirot
> http://www.FrontPorchRockerNews.blogspot.com
> http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Langford
> his project includes Lankford spelling also.
> "Truth and reason are eternal. They have prevailed. And they will
> ternally prevail; however, in times and places they may be overborne
> or a while by violence, military, civil, or ecclesiastical."
> -Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, 1810
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> a=
> t
> ttp://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html=20
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> a=
> t
> ttp://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2011 11:28:23 -0400
> From: Margie Puckett Barton <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Re: age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> How did you find out the amount of taxes they paid and do you think
the age
> ? would be for the 1700s?
> Thanks,
> Margie
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Sunday, June 05, 2011 3:22 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> This question can be combined with my earlier question.
>
> If a young man paid Virginia Personal Property taxes in 1817 (county
levies
> $.35; parish levies $.44), it would mean he was over what age?
>
> Thank you very much.
> Carole
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2011 11:40:47 -0400
> From: Margie Puckett Barton <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Orphan bound by church wardens
>
> I have a copy of the court document from 1735 where the church wardens
of=
> =20
> Bristol Parish, Henrico County, Va bound a child to his uncle.=20
>
> I am kind of new at researching court records and I assume there
should b=
> e=20
> something before the court orderthat made the court do this, but I
don't =
> know=20
> what to look for.
>
> Thanks,
> Margie
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2011 11:44:23 -0400
> From: "Carole D. Bryant" <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Re: age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> A receipt for taxes paid was found in a collection of "old papers"
kept
> all these years by the family.
> Actually, I do not know the man's age with any certainty, but am
trying to
> nail it down. Seems like this might be a clue, IF I knew how old he
would
> HAVE TO BE to be charged for levies.
>
> Carole
>
>
>
> In a message dated 6/6/2011 11:39:26 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
> [log in to unmask] writes:
>
> How did you find out the amount of taxes they paid and do you think
the
> age
> ? would be for the 1700s?
> Thanks,
> Margie
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Sunday, June 05, 2011 3:22 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> This question can be combined with my earlier question.
>
> If a young man paid Virginia Personal Property taxes in 1817 (county
> levies
> $.35; parish levies $.44), it would mean he was over what age?
>
> Thank you very much.
> Carole
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2011 11:22:14 -0500
> From: jwterry99 <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Re: age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> My understanding is that taxes were paid at age 21. There were
exceptions
> for Constables and other categories that didn't pay taxes. One clue
to the
> age and to find the father that I always use is that the father paid
taxes
> for white tithables as of age 16. In a couple of counties, I checked
each
> year's personal property tax lists for the years' prior to when a
person
> first paid taxes to find their father. It worked for me in Brunswick
and
> King William Counties during the time frame from 1782 to about 1830 (I
> didn't need to go more recently). Some years have other tax records
that
> are also helpful. The records for many counties are available from
the LDS
> microfilm collection, including these two.
> Jim Terry
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Monday, June 06, 2011 10:44 AM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> A receipt for taxes paid was found in a collection of "old papers"
kept
> all these years by the family.
> Actually, I do not know the man's age with any certainty, but am
trying to
> nail it down. Seems like this might be a clue, IF I knew how old he
would
> HAVE TO BE to be charged for levies.
>
> Carole
>
>
>
> In a message dated 6/6/2011 11:39:26 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
> [log in to unmask] writes:
>
> How did you find out the amount of taxes they paid and do you think
the
> age
> ? would be for the 1700s?
> Thanks,
> Margie
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Sunday, June 05, 2011 3:22 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> This question can be combined with my earlier question.
>
> If a young man paid Virginia Personal Property taxes in 1817 (county
> levies
> $.35; parish levies $.44), it would mean he was over what age?
>
> Thank you very much.
> Carole
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2011 13:08:50 -0400
> From: "Carole D. Bryant" <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Re: age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> Thank you, Jim !
>
> In the case I'm looking at, there is no father and the person I'm
looking
> at has a "guardian." (I am not sure if he is living by himself or if
he is
> in the home of a relative.) Does this mean that he, himself, will
begin to
> pay at age 16?
>
> Carole
>
>
> In a message dated 6/6/2011 1:03:09 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
> [log in to unmask] writes:
>
> My understanding is that taxes were paid at age 21. There were
exceptions
>
> for Constables and other categories that didn't pay taxes. One clue
to
> the
> age and to find the father that I always use is that the father paid
taxes
> for white tithables as of age 16. In a couple of counties, I checked
each
> year's personal property tax lists for the years' prior to when a
person
> first paid taxes to find their father. It worked for me in Brunswick
and
> King William Counties during the time frame from 1782 to about 1830
(I
> didn't need to go more recently). Some years have other tax records
that
> are also helpful. The records for many counties are available from
the
> LDS
> microfilm collection, including these two.
> Jim Terry
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Monday, June 06, 2011 10:44 AM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> A receipt for taxes paid was found in a collection of "old papers"
kept
> all these years by the family.
> Actually, I do not know the man's age with any certainty, but am
trying to
> nail it down. Seems like this might be a clue, IF I knew how old he
would
> HAVE TO BE to be charged for levies.
>
> Carole
>
>
>
> In a message dated 6/6/2011 11:39:26 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
> [log in to unmask] writes:
>
> How did you find out the amount of taxes they paid and do you think
the
> age
> ? would be for the 1700s?
> Thanks,
> Margie
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Sunday, June 05, 2011 3:22 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> This question can be combined with my earlier question.
>
> If a young man paid Virginia Personal Property taxes in 1817 (county
> levies
> $.35; parish levies $.44), it would mean he was over what age?
>
> Thank you very much.
> Carole
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
> instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
> instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2011 13:28:39 EDT
> From: Tim Spradling <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Almost Everything You Wanted to Know About Tithables in VA &
NC
>
> =20
>
> =20
> =20
> Almost Everything You Wanted to Know About Tithables
>
> (in Virginia & North Carolina)=20
> Tithables lists can be extremely valuable to genealogists. We all
know,=
> =20
> in a general way, that males 16 or over were taxed, but fine
distinctions=
> in=20
> the laws and the process for creating the lists are important to=20
> understand because they can yield valuable clues for genealogists.
Since=
> neither=20
> land nor personal property was generally taxed in the colonies,
tithables=
> are=20
> the only useful colonial-era tax records available to us._[1]_=20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn1) =20
> Tithables were annual =E2=80=9Chead=E2=80=9D taxes levied on
residents. =
> In Virginia, the=20
> tax was levied in three parts: to the colony, the county, and the
parish.=
> =20
> The majority of the tax, in approximately equal amounts, was
collected to=
> =20
> defray the expenses of each county and parish. The amount of the tax
was=
> =20
> set annually, and independently, by each county and parish. Although
the=
> =20
> amount varied by location and year, it was relatively small burden
on=20
> individuals, amounting to roughly 2 to 4% of the annual production of
an=
> average=20
> field worker._[2]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn2)
> Sinc=
> e=20
> parish and county boundaries were not usually identical, each
jurisdiction=
> =20
> normally kept its own list of taxables. =20
> In order to understand exactly what we can learn from tithables lists
it=
> =20
> is necessary to understand how the laws regarding tithables changed
over=
> =20
> time.=20
> History of Virginia Tithables 1624-1704
> Among the very first acts of the General Assembly was the imposition
in=
> =20
> March 1623/4 of a tax of ten pounds of tobacco levied =E2=80=9Cupon
every=
> male head=20
> above sixteen years of adge [sic] now living=E2=80=9D._[3]_=20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn3) =20
> This terse language was apparently sufficient for several years.
For=20
> example, acts setting the amount of tax in 1629, 1632, and 1639
imposed=
> the tax=20
> =E2=80=9Cper poll=E2=80=9D without further defining exactly what
constitu=
> ted a poll._[4]_=20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn4) (The term
> =E2=80=9Ctit=
> hable=E2=80=9D=20
> does not appear in the statutes until 1643.) It was apparently
understo=
> od=20
> that the tax applied only to freemen. As the population grew with
the=
> =20
> addition of indentured servants, slaves, working women, and
non-citizens,=
> it=20
> eventually became necessary to more clearly define who was to be
taxed.=
> At=20
> the same time, counties and parishes were established, with a need
for bo=
> th=20
> revenue and a collection process, necessitating a more complete
definitio=
> n=20
> of the taxing process itself. The language of subsequent acts
suggests=
> =20
> that these factors, combined with the concealment of tithables,
became=20
> significant impediments to tax collection. The following series of
legis=
> lative=20
> acts addressed these issues: =20
> 1643 An act establishing a tax for the support of the
parishes=20
> defined tithables as =E2=80=9Call youths of sixteen years of age as
upwar=
> ds, as also for=20
> all negro women at the age of sixteen years=E2=80=9D. Whether some
now=
> lost act=20
> had added negro women to the colony or county tax rolls is
unknown._[5]_=
> =20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn5) =20
> 1645 Virginia briefly instituted a tax on both persons and
on=20
> livestock, repealing the tax on livestock in 1648.=20
> 1648 Beginning with the tithables of 1649, all male
servants=20
> imported into the colony were to be taxed, regardless of age. Free
men,=
> either =20
> imported or Virginia-born, continued to be taxed upon reaching the age
of=
> =20
> 16._[6]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn6) =20
> 1658 Tithables were defined as =E2=80=9Call male servants
hereafter=
> imported=20
> into this collony of what age soever they be, shall bee brought into
the=
> =20
> lists and shall be liable to pay countrey levies; and all negroes
importe=
> d=20
> whether male or female, and Indian servants male or female however
procur=
> ed,=20
> being sixteen years of age, to be listed and pay leavies as
aforesaid;=20
> such christians onelie to be excepted as are natives of this
countrey, or=
> such=20
> as are exempted from levies being vnder the age of sixteen
years.=E2=80=
> =9D That=20
> is, tithables included all imported male servants of any age, all
importe=
> d=20
> negroes and Indian servants, male or female, 16 or older, and all
free=20
> males 16 or older. Masters of households were required to return a
list=
> of=20
> tithables to the county court during the month of June each year.
_[7]_=
> =20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn7) [This act was
restated
> fo=
> r=20
> clarity in 1662.] _[8]_
(http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn8)=
> =20
> 1661 Each county was ordered to establish four precincts, each
with=
> =20
> a tax commissioner. Masters of households were to deliver to
their=20
> respective commissioner a list of their tithables during the month of
Jun=
> e._[9]_=20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn9)=20
>
> 1662 Another act removed a loophole. Planters had been
importing=
> =20
> female servants to work in the fields to avoid paying the tax on
males.=
> The =20
> General Assembly this year made taxable all women servants who were=20
> employed at =E2=80=9Cworking in the crop=E2=80=9D._[10]_=20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn10) =20
> 1663 One of the early attempts to define the collection process
was=
> =20
> enacted this year. Masters of households were required to return to
thei=
> r=20
> precinct commissioner a list of the names of the tithables for whom
they=
> =20
> were responsible by 10 June each year. Ages of tithables were
determined=
> as=20
> of 9 June. A severe penalty was imposed for concealing tithables
=E2=80=
> =93 anyone=20
> found to have concealed a tithable would forfeit either a servant or
1,00=
> 0=20
> lbs of tobacco to the informing party. Tithable women servants
were=20
> exempted from the penalty._[11]_ (
> http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm=
> #_ftn11)=20 <http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm=#_ftn11)=20>
> [Beginning in 1673, the list of tithables was required to be posted
at=
> =20
> the church, to encourage informers.]=20
> 1672 All native-born Negro women 16 and older were made
tithable,=
> =20
> whether free or not._[12]_ (
> http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn1=
> 2) =20
> The same act required masters to register the births of negro and
mulatto=
> =20
> children with the parish, to facilitate determining the age of future
=20
> tithables.=20
> 1680 The prior acts were amended to alter the age at which
children=
> =20
> were made taxable. Imported male servants were made taxable at the
age=
> of=20
> 14, and negro children were made taxable at the age of 12. _[13]_=20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn13) [Note that from
1681=
> through =20
> 1705, imported white servants born outside the colony were thus
taxable at=
> 14 =20
> rather than at 16.] =20
>
> 1682 Indian servant women were made taxable at any
age._[14]_=20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn14) =20
> Few tithables lists exist for the 17th century =E2=80=93 Surry County
bei=
> ng a=20
> notable exception =E2=80=93 so in most cases, we need not deal with
these=
> constant=20
> changes and can skip directly to the 1705 act. =20
> The 1705 Act
> The act of October 1705 effectively replaced all prior statutes
and=20
> redefined tithables in a way that would remain basically unchanged
until=
> the=20
> Revolution ended the capitation tax system. _[15]_=20
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn15) It declared
that:=20
> =E2=80=9C=E2=80=A6all male persons, of the age of sixteen years, and
upwa=
> rds, and all=20
> negro, mulatto, and Indian women, of the age of sixteen years, and
upward=
> s,=20
> not being free, shall be, and are hereby declared to be tithable,
or=20
> chargeable, for defraying the public, county, and parish
charges.=E2=80=
> =9D =20
> Thus, after 1705, tithables were all males 16 and older, and all
non-whit=
> e=20
> servant women over 16. In 1723, an act clarified that free
negroes,=20
> mulattos, and Indians (except tributary Indians) and their wives were
tax=
> able at=20
> the age of 16._[16]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn16)
=
> As=20
> before, the age of tithables was determined as of 9 June.=20
> The 1705 act required that each county be subdivided into
convenient=20
> precincts, with a justice or commissioner assigned to take tithables
for=
> each=20
> precinct. Masters or mistresses of households were to return to the
just=
> ice=20
> a list of all tithables in their households, and concealment of
tithables=
> =20
> was subject to a significant fine =E2=80=93 imposed on both the
concealing=
> party and=20
> on the justice of his precinct. The date on which tithables were
due=20
> remained at 10 June, with the age of tithables determined as of 9
June.=
> =20
> However, tithables could be delivered to the justices until the end
of Ju=
> ne=20
> without penalty.=20
> In 1748, the Virginia legislature replaced and consolidated many of
its=
> =20
> prior statutes. Among the statutes restated was a new tithables act,
wit=
> h=20
> some relatively minor clarification: "all male persons of the age of
six=
> teen=20
> years and upwards, and all negroe, mulatto, and Indian women of the
same=
> =20
> age, except Indians tributary to this government and all wives of
free=20
> negroes, mulattoes, and Indians...=E2=80=9D. Certain persons,
including=
> county sheriffs=20
> and the staff of the College of William and Mary, were exempted.=20
> How were the tithables lists compiled?
> The process was not fundamentally changed after the 1661 and 1662=20
> statutes. Beginning in 1662, each county created precincts for tax
purpo=
> ses =E2=80=93=20
> though they were often vaguely defined and their boundaries subject
to an=
> nual=20
> changes. A commissioner, usually a justice, was assigned to each
precinc=
> t=20
> to actually created the tax list. Residents were required to deliver
a=
> list=20
> of the taxable persons within their households to one of those
justices.=
> =20
> It=E2=80=99s important to understand that the commissioner did not go
doo=
> r-to-door,=20
> as in later censuses, rather the taxables were self-reported. It
follows=
> =20
> that the sequence of names on a tithables list are not significant,
since=
> at=20
> best they reflect only the sequence in which the names were reported.
=20
> [They were frequently copied into an alphabetical list for
recording.] =
> To=20
> assure accuracy, the penalty for omitting or concealing a tithable
was qu=
> ite=20
> severe, and copies of the lists were publicly posted to encourage=20
> corrections and informants.=20
> The 1705 act contains a reasonable description of the process which
had=
> =20
> already been in use for several decades: =E2=80=9C=E2=80=A6every
master=
> or mistress of a=20
> family, or in his or her absence, or non-residence at the plantation,
his=
> or=20
> her attorney, or overseer, shall, on the said tenth day of June, by a
lis=
> t=20
> under his or her hand, deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the
justice=
> =20
> appointed to take the same, the names and number of all the tithable
pers=
> ons=20
> abiding in, or belonging to, his or her family=E2=80=9D. =20
> Lest this language be misinterpreted, it=E2=80=99s important to note
that=
> the=20
> purpose of compiling the lists in the first place was to identify the
per=
> sons=20
> responsible for the tax and the amount they owed, so that the sheriff
cou=
> ld=20
> later collect the tax. Thus the first name in a
=E2=80=9Chousehold=E2=80=
> =9D was the =20
> person from whom the tax was to be collected. The names or numbers of
ti=
> thables=20
> in the =E2=80=9Chousehold=E2=80=9D represented the amount of the tax
owed=
> (the specific=20
> levy usually not being determined until later.) Thus, the
=E2=80=9Chouse=
> hold=E2=80=9D was=20
> not a physical one, but rather a taxable one. =20
> It was not, strictly speaking, required that persons report their=20
> tithables to the justice or commissioner for their home precinct. If
con=
> venient,=20
> they could report to another justice. Whether or not their name
ended up=
> on=20
> the correct precinct=E2=80=99s list is undeterminable. As a result,
we=
> may find=20
> persons occasionally listed in a different precinct, giving the
possibly=
> =20
> erroneous impression that they had relocated within the county.
However,=
> =20
> recall that the precinct=E2=80=99s justice had a significant
incentive to=
> assure that=20
> his precinct was correctly enumerated, and was therefore motivated
to=20
> include the name on his own list. This probably explains the
occasional=
> =20
> duplicate listing. =20
> Finally, it=E2=80=99s important to understand the source of the list.
Th=
> e lists=20
> that still exist may be county lists or parish lists, or both. They
may=
> or=20
> may not include corrections and exemptions. They may be originals,
copie=
> s,=20
> or the corrected and aggregated lists entered into the record by
the=20
> county or vestry clerk. The origin of the list therefore determines
its=
> likely=20
> accuracy. In addition, we should keep in mind that spelling and
penmansh=
> ip=20
> varied considerably, and a justice=E2=80=99s list and a
clerk=E2=80=99s =
> list may very=20
> well spell the same name differently.=20
> Implied information on tithable lists
> * Keep in mind that tithables lists do not enumerate physical=20
> households in the sense of later censuses. They merely enumerate
each pe=
> rson=20
> responsible for paying the tax along with the number of
=E2=80=9Cheads=E2=
> =80=9D for whom they=20
> were the responsible taxpayer. Two individuals living in the same
house,=
> =20
> each an individual taxpayer, would probably be listed independently.
=20
>
> * When there are multiple names, the first name is that of the
=E2=
> =80=9C
> master or mistress of a family=E2=80=9D (the person responsible for
the ta=
> x), followed=20
> by the names or number of the taxable members of the household for
whom=
> =20
> that person would pay the tax. In the 18th century this was males
over=
> 16=20
> (children, overseers, apprentices, servants, and slaves), and
non-white,=
> =20
> enslaved or indentured women over sixteen. A free male 21 or over in
the=
> =20
> household was legally responsible for his own tax, and thus should be
lis=
> ted=20
> separately - although we can=E2=80=99t be certain that this was
always th=
> e case. As=20
> early as 1644, =E2=80=9Cmaster of a household=E2=80=9D was defined as
mea=
> ning the person in =E2=80=9C
> command=E2=80=9D of the farm or plantation. =20
>
> * When a male appears as an independent tithable, it is
reasonable=
> =20
> to assume that they were of age. A separate appearance on the tax
list=
> =20
> indicates tax responsibility, which was assumed only upon reaching
majori=
> ty. =20
> This does not indicate that the person was maintaining a separate
physica=
> l=20
> household. In the case of males between 16 and 21, their parents,=20
> guardians, or masters (in the case of apprentices or servants) were
respo=
> nsible for=20
> the tax.=20
> * The age of persons on the list was calculated as of 9 June of
the=
> =20
> same year. This can be a very valuable genealogical clue, since the
firs=
> t=20
> appearance as a tithable implies the last date on which the person
could=
> =20
> have turned 16. In the case of disputes over age, the county or
vestry=
> =20
> courts adjudicated.=20
>
> * Apprentices typically were taxed as members of their
master=E2=80=
> =99s=20
> household, that being a typical provision of an apprentice=E2=80=99s
inde=
> nture.
>
> * Although free white women were never tithables themselves, a
wido=
> w=20
> or spinster can appear on a tithables list as head of a household if
they=
> =20
> were responsible for taxes on male children, servants, or slaves.
>
> * The sequence in which names appear on a list is not
significant,=
> =20
> for the list was self-reported by the taxed persons themselves,
rather th=
> an=20
> by a door-to-door assessment such as was done for later censuses.
That=
> is,=20
> we can=E2=80=99t draw any conclusions about neighbors from the
tithables=
> lists. =20
> The precinct in which names appear only identifies the general
geography=
> in=20
> which they lived.
>
> * It is reasonably safe to infer that male children appearing in
a=
> =20
> household, regardless of age, are unmarried, for they would otherwise
be=
> =20
> responsible for their own tax as =E2=80=9Cmaster of a
family=E2=80=9D.
>
> * Religion was not a factor =E2=80=93 all persons were
responsible=
> for the=20
> support of the parish regardless of their own religious affiliation.
Nor=
> =20
> was nationality a factor. =20
> Who was exempt? =20
> The 1662 act made certain colonial officials exempt from paying the
paris=
> h=20
> portion of the tax, and exempted Anglican ministers from paying the
publi=
> c=20
> portion. In 1643, poor persons who were unable to work due to
infirmity=
> =20
> or age were relieved of the county tax, though it was left up to
the=20
> individual county courts to determine who would be exempted. It is
proba=
> bly safe=20
> to assume that these exemptions were made only to those unable to
work.=
> =20
> The parishes seldom exempted such persons, for the parish made
provisions=
> for=20
> supporting them where necessary. =20
> The act of October 1705 provided for local discretion, exempting
=E2=80=
> =9Csuch=20
> only, as the county court, and vestry, for reasons, in charity, made
appe=
> ar to=20
> them, shall think fit to excuse=E2=80=9D. This permitted the county
cour=
> ts to=20
> exempt whomever it wished from the public tax, and allowed the vestry
to=
> =20
> independently exempt persons from the parish tax. It is likely that
exem=
> ptions=20
> were mainly for the aged and infirm who were unable to support
themselves=
> . =20
> The act of 1748 contained nearly identical language, exempting "such
only=
> =20
> as the county court, for charitable reasons appearing to them, shall
thin=
> k=20
> fit to excuse." Exempt persons were normally included in the lists,
but=
> =20
> noted as exempt or as taxable =E2=80=9Cto the parish=E2=80=9D. If a
pers=
> on was exempt, you=20
> may find a court or vestry record of that exemption. The county
courts=
> =20
> also sometimes exempted county and parish officeholders, and the 1748
act=
> for
> malized that to exempt ministers, constables, and other officials.
=20
> Note that the substantial fine imposed for concealment of
tithables=20
> encouraged even exempt persons to be sure they were listed.=20
> Value of Court Records =20
> You should carefully check court records for information related
to=20
> tithables. The local county and vestry courts adjudicated ages of
tithab=
> les,=20
> processed appeals, handled jurisdictional disputes, processed
exemptions,=
> and=20
> determined the ages of slaves, orphans, and servants. Court records
thus=
> =20
> often contain supplementary information that you=E2=80=99ll find
helpful.=
> In=20
> addition, the court records defining the precincts and appointing
their=
> =20
> list-takers usually describe the general bounds of each tax precinct.
Fi=
> nally,=20
> court records also frequently contain mention of persons added to, or
del=
> eted=20
> from, the tithables lists subsequent to their recording.=20
> After the lists were recorded and the number of taxables identified,
the=
> =20
> courts determined the amount to be levied. In Virginia, the Sheriff
was=
> =20
> responsible for actually collecting the tax (and was paid a
handsome=20
> percentage of the amount collected). The collection process normally
unc=
> overed=20
> additional taxables or generated the appeals found in the court
records.=
> =20
> The Switch to Poll and Property Taxes =20
> When the colonies became independent, the tax system changed =20
> significantly. In Virginia and North Carolina, after a brief
experimental=
> period, it=20
> shifted to taxing mainly males over 16 and to taxes on personal
property=
> and=20
> land. =20
> For example, Virginia enacted several statutes to change the
capitation=
> =20
> tax system beginning in 1777. One focus of these acts, illustrated
by th=
> e=20
> act of 1780, was to tax "every free male person, above the age of
twenty-=
> one=20
> years, who shall be a citizen of this commonwealth, and also upon
all=20
> slaves, to be paid by the owners thereof, except such free persons and
sl=
> aves as=20
> shall be exempted on application to the respective county courts
through=
> =20
> age or infirmity." _[17]_ (
> http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn17)=
> =20
> The act of 1783 clarified that "nothing in said act contained, shall
be =
> =20
> construed to prevent the several county courts from causing lists to
be ta=
> ken=20
> of all free male tithables, between the ages of sixteen and
twenty-one=20
> years, and of imposing taxes upon all such for the purpose of county
or=
> parish=20
> levies." _[18]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftn18)
The=
> act=20
> of 1786 completed the switch. The majority of capitation tax lists
from=
> =20
> 1779 through 1787 taxed 21-year olds, but nothing prevented the
individual=
> =20
> counties from taxing males at 16, and some did so. [You should
carefully=
> =20
> check the applicable laws and county court records to interpret
tithables=
> =20
> lists made during and after this period.] =20
> North Carolina Tithables
> Unfortunately, nearly all the North Carolina General
Assembly=E2=80=99s=
> acts prior=20
> to 1715 are lost, but then so are all but a few of the very early
tax=20
> lists. It appears, though, that the compilation and composition of
titha=
> bles=20
> lists closely paralleled Virginia=E2=80=99s. North
Carolina=E2=80=99s ac=
> ts of 1715 and=20
> 1738 defined tithables in much the same way as Virginia=E2=80=99s act
of=
> 1705, with a=20
> few relatively minor exceptions. One of these differences was that
the=
> =20
> effective date for determining ages of taxables was January 1 in
North=20
> Carolina. North Carolina also taxed mixed-bloods slightly
differently.=
> The=20
> language used in the 1738 act was crystal clear: =20
> =E2=80=A6every white Person Male of the age of Sixteen Years and
upwards=
> all=20
> Negroes Mulattoes Mustees Male or female and all Persons of Mixt
Blood to=
> the=20
> fourth Generation Male and Female of the age of twelve years and
upwards,=
> and=20
> no other Persons whatsoever, shall be deem'd Tithables.=20
> An act of 1749 repeated this definition, which did not change until
1777,=
> =20
> when the new State experimented with several tax schemes, including
the=
> =20
> introduction of a property tax, finally settling in 1784 on taxing
free=
> and=20
> indentured males over 21, and slaves of both genders aged 12 to 50.
=20
> Age-related exemptions were left up to the counties until 1801, when
the=
> state=20
> established a ceiling of age 50 for both free men and slaves.=20
>
>
> =20
> ____________________________________
>
> _[1]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref1) There
were=20
> occasional taxes on land or other property levied at the county
level. =
> For=20
> example, North Carolina briefly levied a tax on property from 1715 to
172=
> 2. =20
> Virginia levied a tax on livestock from 1646 to 1648.
> =20
> _[2]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref2) Although
the=20
> tithables lists themselves are lost for most counties and years, the
surv=
> iving=20
> court records generally contain annual records of the amount of the
tax=
> =20
> (per tithable) as well as of the total amount collected.
> =20
> _[3]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref3) The
Statutes
> at=
> =20
> Large: Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, from the
First=20
> Session of the Legislature=E2=80=A6, William Waller Hening, ed., Vol.
I,=
> p128.
> =20
> _[4]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref4) Hening.,
Vol.=
> I,=20
> p143, p196, p229.
> =20
> _[5]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref5) Hening.,
Vol.=
> I,=20
> p242.
> =20
> _[6]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref6) Hening,
Vol.
> I,=
> =20
> p361-2.
> =20
> _[7]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref7) Hening,
Vol.
> I,=
> =20
> p454-5.
> =20
> _[8]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref8) Hening,
Vol.
> II=
> ,=20
> p84.
> =20
> _[9]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref9) Hening,
Vol.=20
> II., p19
> =20
> _[10]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref10) Hening,
Vol.=
> =20
> II, p170.
> =20
> _[11]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref11) Hening,
Vol.=
> =20
> II, p187
> =20
> _[12]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref12) Hening,
Vol.=
> =20
> II, p296.
> =20
> _[13]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref13) Hening,
Vol.=
> =20
> II, p479-80.
> =20
> _[14]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref14) Hening,
Vol.=
> =20
> II. p492.
> =20
> _[15]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref15) Hening,
Vol.=
> =20
> III, p258-61.
> =20
> _[16]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref16) Hening,
Vol.=
> =20
> IV, p133.
> =20
> _[17]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref17) Hening,
Vol.=
> =20
> X, p501.
> =20
> _[18]_ (http://genfiles.com/legal/Tithables.htm#_ftnref18) Hening,
Vol.=
> =20
> XI, p196.
>
>
> =20
>
>
>
>
> (http://genfiles.com/legal/tithables.htm)=20
> =20
> In a message dated 6/6/2011 1:03:37 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, =20
> [log in to unmask] writes:
>
> My understanding is that taxes were paid at age 21. There were
exception=
> s=20
> =20
> for Constables and other categories that didn't pay taxes. One clue
to=
> =20
> the=20
> age and to find the father that I always use is that the father paid
taxe=
> s=20
> for white tithables as of age 16. In a couple of counties, I checked
eac=
> h=20
> year's personal property tax lists for the years' prior to when a
person=
> =20
> first paid taxes to find their father. It worked for me in Brunswick
and=
> =20
> King William Counties during the time frame from 1782 to about 1830
(I=20
> didn't need to go more recently). Some years have other tax records
that=
> =20
> are also helpful. The records for many counties are available from
the=
> =20
> LDS=20
> microfilm collection, including these two.
> Jim Terry
>
> -----Original Message-----=20
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Monday, June 06, 2011 10:44 AM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> A receipt for taxes paid was found in a collection of "old papers"
kept
> all these years by the family.
> Actually, I do not know the man's age with any certainty, but am
trying=
> to
> nail it down. Seems like this might be a clue, IF I knew how old he
would
> HAVE TO BE to be charged for levies.
>
> Carole
>
>
>
> In a message dated 6/6/2011 11:39:26 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
> [log in to unmask] writes:
>
> How did you find out the amount of taxes they paid and do you think
the
> age
> ? would be for the 1700s?
> Thanks,
> Margie
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Sunday, June 05, 2011 3:22 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> This question can be combined with my earlier question.
>
> If a young man paid Virginia Personal Property taxes in 1817 (county
> levies
> $.35; parish levies $.44), it would mean he was over what age?
>
> Thank you very much.
> Carole
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructio=
> ns
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructio=
> ns
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions=
> =20
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html=20
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions=
> =20
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
instructions
> at
> http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-roots.html
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2011 13:31:07 EDT
> From: Tim Spradling <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Re: age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> Google the following:
> Almost Everything You Wanted to Know About Tithables
>
>
>
>
> In a message dated 6/6/2011 1:03:37 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
> [log in to unmask] writes:
>
> My understanding is that taxes were paid at age 21. There were
exceptions
>
> for Constables and other categories that didn't pay taxes. One clue
to
> the
> age and to find the father that I always use is that the father paid
taxes
> for white tithables as of age 16. In a couple of counties, I checked
each
> year's personal property tax lists for the years' prior to when a
person
> first paid taxes to find their father. It worked for me in Brunswick
and
> King William Counties during the time frame from 1782 to about 1830
(I
> didn't need to go more recently). Some years have other tax records
that
> are also helpful. The records for many counties are available from
the
> LDS
> microfilm collection, including these two.
> Jim Terry
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Monday, June 06, 2011 10:44 AM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> A receipt for taxes paid was found in a collection of "old papers"
kept
> all these years by the family.
> Actually, I do not know the man's age with any certainty, but am
trying to
> nail it down. Seems like this might be a clue, IF I knew how old he
would
> HAVE TO BE to be charged for levies.
>
> Carole
>
>
>
> In a message dated 6/6/2011 11:39:26 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
> [log in to unmask] writes:
>
> How did you find out the amount of taxes they paid and do you think
the
> age
> ? would be for the 1700s?
> Thanks,
> Margie
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carole D. Bryant
> Sent: Sunday, June 05, 2011 3:22 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: [VA-ROOTS] age to pay taxes in 1817?
>
> This question can be combined with my earlier question.
>
> If a young man paid Virginia Personal Property taxes in 1817 (county
> levies
> $.35; parish levies $.44), it would mean he was over what age?
>
> Thank you very much.
> Carole
>
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> ------------------------------
>
> End of VA-ROOTS Digest - 4 Jun 2011 to 6 Jun 2011 (#2011-89)
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