I do not disagree; I just want everyone to see that there are numerous
opinions and purveyors of historic data. There are so many opinions and
pieces of history to fit; you just cannot get your hands around all of these
missives.
For all of us this is an interesting area of research.
GOOD LUCK ALL.
John Philip Adams
-----Original Message-----
From: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history
[mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Debra Jackson/Harold
Forsythe
Sent: Monday, September 11, 2006 5:32 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: "20 and odd Negroes"
To Mr. Adams and All:
I agree that older historical works sometime present wonderfully novel
scholarly insight but in the field of the Atlantic slave trade this is
highly unlikely. The massive empirical work--think of P. Curtin, The
Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census, as an example--done in the 20th century has
turned the history of the slave trade from anecdotal to truly historical.
I think this is why Paul Finkelman observed that the Harvard study was
outdated.
Harold S. Forsythe
----- Original Message -----
From: "John P. Adams" <[log in to unmask]>
To: <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Monday, September 11, 2006 5:52 PM
Subject: Re: "20 and odd Negroes"
> Surpassed or not, some of the older books reflect the feelings of the
> time,
> not these politically corrected or REVISED historical reviews.
>
> John Philip Adams
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history
> [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Paul Finkelman
> Sent: Monday, September 11, 2006 4:45 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: "20 and odd Negroes"
>
> This is of course a very old book, and long surpassed by other work.
>
> Paul Finkelman
> President William McKinley Distinguished Professor of Law
> and Public Policy
> Albany Law School
> 80 New Scotland Avenue
> Albany, New York 12208-3494
>
> 518-445-3386
> [log in to unmask]
>>>> [log in to unmask] 09/11/06 5:13 PM >>>
> http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17700/17700-h/17700-h.htm
> Please read. a great history of this subject.
> THE SUPPRESSION OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE TO THE UNITED STATES OF
> AMERICA
> 1638-1870
> Volume I
> Harvard Historical Studies 1896
> Longmans, Green, and Co., New York
>
>
> John Philip Adams
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history
> [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Anita Wills
> Sent: Sunday, September 10, 2006 4:27 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: "20 and odd Negroes"
>
> Harold,
> I have done research on the descendants of Antonio Johnson, looking for
> links to my lines. My Johnson ancestors came from Maryland into
> Southeastern
> Pennsylvania prior to the Civil War. They were free blacks, and part of
> the
> Underground Railroad. Some of the relatives remained in Maryland, and
> traveled across the Mason/Dixon freely. I know that Antonio Johnson
> moved
> from Virginia into Southern Maryland, where he raised his children. I
> am
> still working on that line to see if there is a connection there.
>
> Anita
>
>
>>From: Debra Jackson/Harold Forsythe <[log in to unmask]>
>>Reply-To: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history
>> <[log in to unmask]>
>>To: [log in to unmask]
>>Subject: "20 and odd Negroes"
>>Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2006 15:32:04 -0400
>>
>>I would like to join this discussion regarding the first Africans
> landed in
>>Virginia but mind you I am working from memory. As I remember it there
> was
>>more than one entry by Rolfe on this matter. Elsewhere he notes that
> the
>>men and women were purchased for "victuals" from a Dutch privateer but
> the
>>English declined to buy any Africans from the English privateer for
> fear of
>>starting trouble with the Spanish. (Privateers were officially
> licensed to
>>raid a particular foreign realm, in this case Spain and its colonies.)
>>Those Africans (or Afro-Cubans) whose names were listed in the 1625
> census
>>of Virginia had in many and perhaps all cases Spanish names.
>>
>>The conclusions I drew when I examined documents related to this
> incident
>>about 1980 were 1) the Dutch sailors were starving and willing to trade
>>their captives for food; 2) the Africans were captured in Cuba and
> held as
>>slaves by the Dutch; 3) as Paul Finkelman notes, there was no law
>>establishing or regulating slavery in Virginia in 1619; 4) colonial
>>officials were afraid of provoking a Spanish attack and thus would not
> buy
>>Africans taken from Spanish lands from Englishmen; and, 5) that the
>>introduction of a small number of Africans into a white indentured
> labor
>>system did not immediately produce any change in the labor regime on
>>Virginia plantations.
>>
>>Morgan, Breen, and Innis tell a fascinating tale of this first
> generation
>>of Africans in Virginia. Antonio and Maria from 1625 became Anthony
> and
>>Mary Johnson, landowners in Accomack County by the 1650s. One of their
>>grandchildren owned a farm he named "Angola." One thing worth noting
> here
>>is that Morgan argues that during the VA Company period, the local
> company
>>leaders choose the healthiest indentured servants sent over to Virginia
> for
>>their own private use, while assigning the sickliest to land farmed for
> the
>>Company. This must also have happened to the arriving Africans,
> 1619-1624.
>>
>>But all of this is a small though interesting oddity, between the
>>immensities of the Atlantic slave trade on the one hand, and the
> 300,000
>>enslaved black people in Virginia in 1790. The Chesapeake was a
> latecomer
>>to the extensive exploitation of Africans in the western European
>>reinvention of chattel slavery in the Western Hemisphere but made up
> for it
>>with vigor after 1700. The enslavement of Africans reshaped Virginia
> in
>>the 18th and 19th centuries and as Morgan notes in his conclusion, that
> new
>>Virginia had decisive importance in shaping the United States at its
>>founding.
>>
>>Harold S. Forsythe
>>
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