This is so true! My african ancestry has never been questioned, but when I
share the information from my DNA some folks have a problem. It is genealogy
pure and simple, and some folks don't want a discussion about race mixing.
I found records of my ancestors in Pennsylvania, in which they are described
as Mulatto (in the early 1800's). My mother told me they were Native, and I
asked her why they did not check Indian. She said that the ones who did that
were shipped to Oklahoma. That is why many Natives were checking Mulatto, to
remain in their own lands.
Anita
>From: Debra Jackson/Harold Forsythe <[log in to unmask]>
>Reply-To: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history
> <[log in to unmask]>
>To: [log in to unmask]
>Subject: Re: SLAVE OWNERSHIP BY NATIVE AMERICANS IN VIRGINIA
>Date: Fri, 16 Feb 2007 17:30:54 -0500
>
>Anita,
>
> I am working here from memory but I think that a VA code of the 1680s
>or 1690s defined a mulatto as anyone who had 1/2, 1/4, or 1/8 African
>heritage or 1/2 American Indian heritage. Thus, the conflation of Indian
>with African-American was not only done by custom but by law.
> Look at any picture book of the people on the streets of Israel and it
>will convince you that Jewish people can have many different appearances.
>I'll warrant the same is true for Indians in the South and in New England.
>When people who look African-American to me say that they are Indians, I
>just acknowledge that they like anyone else gets to determine their own
>identity.
> I had a student many years ago from Nebraska. He was in the military
>and thus taking classes at my college in California. One day he just got
>up and said "now I know why I could never figure out my Nebraska born
>grandmother. She was brown so I justfigured she was black but why did she
>have all those strange corn cob dolls in her kitchen. She was an Indian
>all the time." (not exact quotation but an approximation.)
>
> History is really complicated: thank Heavens.
>
>Harold S. Forsythe
>----- Original Message ----- From: "Anita Wills" <[log in to unmask]>
>To: <[log in to unmask]>
>Sent: Friday, February 16, 2007 4:59 PM
>Subject: Re: SLAVE OWNERSHIP BY NATIVE AMERICANS IN VIRGINIA
>
>
>>My reference is to my ancestors who lived in Virginia in the 16-1800's. I
>>traced several lines of my ancestors (who were referred to as Mulatto), to
>>several Virginia tribes. I did not include the dates I was referring to,
>>and apologize for that.
>>
>>Anita
>>
>>>From: Melinda Skinner <[log in to unmask]>
>>>Reply-To: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history
>>><[log in to unmask]>
>>>To: [log in to unmask]
>>>Subject: Re: SLAVE OWNERSHIP BY NATIVE AMERICANS IN VIRGINIA
>>>Date: Fri, 16 Feb 2007 15:14:05 +0000
>>>
>>>While the term "mulatto" may be used to describe "Natives" by some,
>>>I believe it technically refers to a person whose ancestry is Negro and
>>>Caucasian.
>>>That's the meaning it had when I was growing up in Virginia.
>>>--
>>>Melinda C. P. Skinner
>>>Richmond, VA
>>>
>>>
>>> -------------- Original message ----------------------
>>>From: Anita Wills <[log in to unmask]>
>>> > While researching for my book, I found instances of Free Blacks &
>>>Mulattoes
>>> > (another name for Native), who owned slaves. One of my ancestors
>>>owned,
>>>and
>>> > freed slaves, (including a female who married his brother). Since
>>>Natives
>>> > and Free Blacks were under siege, it is highly unlikely they would
>>>have
>>>held
>>> > large amounts of slaves. Slavery was an international business with
>>>ships
>>> > leaving slave states headed for European Markets. That meant a
>>>requirement
>>> > for a shipping industry, and connections that Free Blacks and Natives
>>>did
>>> > not have.
>>> >
>>> > Anita
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > >From: Debra Jackson/Harold Forsythe <[log in to unmask]>
>>> > >Reply-To: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history
>>> > > <[log in to unmask]>
>>> > >To: [log in to unmask]
>>> > >Subject: Re: SLAVE OWNERSHIP BY NATIVE AMERICANS IN VIRGINIA
>>> > >Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2007 09:29:05 -0500
>>> > >
>>> > >By statute, blacks and Native Americans were barred from buying and
>>>owning
>>> > >white servants in 17th century Virginia. Indian slave ownership
>>>existed in
>>> > >the deep South but not apparently in the upper South.
>>> > >
>>> > >Harold S. Forsythe
>>> > >----- Original Message ----- From: "Basil Forest" >
>>> ><[log in to unmask]>
>>> > >To: <[log in to unmask]>
>>> > >Sent: Thursday, February 15, 2007 9:24 AM
>>> > >Subject: SLAVE OWNERSHIP BY NATIVE AMERICANS IN VIRGINIA
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > >>Does anyone know of any research or articles on the ownership of
>>>slaves by
>>> > >>Native Americans in Virginia?
>>> > >>
>>> > >>To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
>>>instructions
>>> > >>at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html
>>> > >
>>> > >To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
>>>instructions
>>> > >at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html
>>> >
>>> > _________________________________________________________________
>>> > http://homepage.msn.com/zune?icid=hmetagline
>>> >
>>> > To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the
>>>instructions
>>> > at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html
>>>
>>>To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions
>>>at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html
>>
>>_________________________________________________________________
>>Find what you need at prices you'll love. Compare products and save at
>>MSNŽ Shopping.
>>http://shopping.msn.com/default/shp/?ptnrid=37,ptnrdata=24102&tcode=T001MSN20A0701
>>
>>To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions
>>at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html
>
>To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions
>at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html
_________________________________________________________________
Refi Now: Rates near 39yr lows! $430,000 Mortgage for $1,399/mo - Calculate
new payment
http://www.lowermybills.com/lre/index.jsp?sourceid=lmb-9632-17727&moid=7581
To subscribe, change options, or unsubscribe, please see the instructions
at http://listlva.lib.va.us/archives/va-hist.html
|
