Anne,
I want to respond to the part of your message about Natives coming through 
South America. My brother took a Paternal line (Y-DNA) test in 2004, and his 
Haplogroup came back K (M9). This line has been traced back 60,000 years to 
an individual called Eurasian Adam. This African man, is the common ancestor 
of every non-African person living today. His descendants migrated out of 
African and became the only lineage to survive away from Huamnity's home 
continent. This Y Chromosome is common among people in Columbia, among the 
native South Americans.  My brother received a certificate of ancestry 
authenticating that this line matched with the Native Americans in Columbia.

My grandfather, was the son of freed slaves on his mother and fathers side. 
We did know that they were part Native, but not that they came from Columbia 
South America. In other words this tribe did not come to North America from 
the Bering Strait, but from South America. We do not know if they were 
brought as slaves from South America, of if they migrated on their own. My 
grandfather and his siblings were orphaned at a young age, and no one in the 
family seems to know the history.

I found your post very interesting.

Anita




>From: Anne Pemberton <[log in to unmask]>
>Reply-To: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history         
>      <[log in to unmask]>
>To: [log in to unmask]
>Subject: Re: Columbus and the ends of the earth
>Date: Fri, 15 Jun 2007 22:00:57 -0400
>
>Joanne & Lyle,
>
>Thank you both for your insightful and full explanations on the book I am 
>reading. It is a good story, but knowing that it is fiction does not take 
>away from the writing, just on the knowledge. In the section I was reading 
>last night, Mezier asserts that the Chinese Explorers left a stone monument 
>on the Verdes islands off the west coast of Africa. Unfortunately, when it 
>was examined, the medieval language was from India rather than from China. 
>If the Chinese wanted to prove they were there, why would they not leave 
>the stones in their own language? Other passages have given me pause to 
>question his tale as well.
>
>In recent months, I've read 1491 by Charles Mann, and re-read The Invasion 
>of America by Jennings. One or both mentions the Asian features and items 
>found among Native societies, and Mann mentions Asian DNA in some as well. 
>Mann postulates that in addition to the Natives who arrived in America via 
>the Bering Strait, there could have also been an incursion that crossed the 
>Pacific at or near Antartica and traveled up the coast of South America, 
>probably in small boats, to build an early civilization on the coast of 
>Peru.
>
>One of the things that Menzies does that bothers me, is constantly 
>asserting that he is better equipped than historians and anthropologists to 
>discover these "truths" because he is a first class "navigator" and can 
>read sea charts!
>
>Again, thanks for the insights and links!
>
>Anne
>
>Anne Pemberton
>[log in to unmask]
>http://www.erols.com/apembert
>http://www.educationalsynthesis.org

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