In the 1870 Census of Jones County Georgia is the first example I can show
you of a former slave being a county assistant Marshall.
DEVEAUX, JAMES B. is the assistant Marshall of Jones Co., GA. He is a male
mulatto age 25 born in Georgia and is a school teacher.
The population breakdown of Jones County shows as follows:
GAJones: Black Males: 3,043 Black Females: 3,279
GAJones: White Males: 1,838 White Females: 1,829
1870/06/09/css/218A GAJones, Clinton PO. In Household #1 is CLARKE SLATTER
age 52 male black, blacksmith $400 real estate, $200 personal property, b.
GA; Frances age 48 female mulatto, tailoress, b. Dist. of Columbia;
HARDEMAN, Julia 33 fm cook GA; GREEN, Dumas 14 mb GA; ... and living with
Clarke Slatter is family #2 JAMES B. DEVERAU age 25 male mulatto, school
teacher, b. Georgia, Louise M. 18 fm school teacher, b. SC; Laura 18 fm
school teacher, b. GA; Isaac age 9/12 male mulatto b. August in GA.
Neither of these heads of household are listed in the 1860 Federal Census.
They are living in a large community of former slaves.
Hannah Powell
----- Original Message -----
From: "James McCall" <[log in to unmask]>
To: <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Friday, October 29, 2010 8:30 AM
Subject: Re: [VA-HIST] 1870 Southern Census Takers
According to Foner at p,43 and later in his ”A Short History of
Reconstruction”, educational initiatives for blacks in 1865-66 were one of
the few successes of the Freedman Bureau, which had the help of Northern
benevolent societies and “blacks themselves”. By 1870, they already had a
major impact, so undoubtedly this would have aided those so educated in
performing the census.
Jim McCall
On Oct 29, 2010, at 8:05 AM, Hannah Powell wrote:
> Many plantations had black overseers (Plantation record keepers). Many
> whites as well as blacks were illiterate. Sometimes you can see on the
> census a black head of household who is actually the overseer for a white
> master and the household is all listed black.
> Hannah Powell
>
> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Craig Kilby" <[log in to unmask]>
> To: <[log in to unmask]>
> Sent: Thursday, October 28, 2010 2:35 PM
> Subject: [VA-HIST] 1870 Southern Census Takers
>
>
>> There were plenty of literate and educated people of color in 1870.
>>
>> Craig
>>
>> On Oct 28, 2010, at 9:14 AM, JEFFREY D SOUTHMAYD wrote:
>>
>>> Seems unlikely since the vast majority of slaves were illiterate and
>> could neither read nor write.
>>>
>>>
>>> JDS
>>
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