> On Jun 24, 2020, at 11:36 AM, [log in to unmask] <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
> I've studied the Varle Frederick Co. map and wondered the same thing about those seemingly combined symbols. Could some of them perhaps be distilleries that were part of a grain mill operation?
He had one distillery shown with a circle and a straight line out of the top of it. He annotated oil, paper, and fulling mills. The fulling mill had the mill symbol plus the upright and single right prong.
> Maybe the problem is that the key of symbols for the map is incomplete.
Agree. I’ve revamped it and it still has issues as I indicated.
>
> Tavern licenses were issued by the county court, and those who had tavern licenses were listed in many years of the personal property tax lists. These sources would at least give you names of those who held tavern licenses and a chance at discovering the tavern location.
Unfortunately, time is not available for that. My main issue is trying to discern how many mills operated at intervals in counties from Boye, Gilmer/Hotchkiss and later USGS 15’ quads.
Lyle Browning, RPA
>
> Jane Ailes
> White Post, Virginia
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Discussion of research and writing about Virginia history <[log in to unmask]> On Behalf Of Lyle Browning
> Sent: Tuesday, June 23, 2020 9:24 PM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Conjoined mills and taverns
>
> I’ve had an opportunity to look in depth at Varles 1809 map that contains Frederick County, VA. He has an enormous number of mill symbols. What separates his map from the slightly later Boye map is that Varle uses symbols to denote various types of mills plus taverns whereas Boye shows the standard mill symbol with no annotation as to what it did for a living.
>
> Varle’s symbol for a tavern is a circle with a sort of “F” sticking out of the top of it whereas a sawmill has a backwards “F” sticking out of the mill symbol. The problem I have is whether the person who drew the map got things wrong and confused a forward “F” with a backwards “F”. Tavern symbols with the mill symbol are shown as are what Varle labels as taverns which are a circle with the forward “F”. and which appear to be nowhere near a roadway. Obviously a mill with an approach roadway is essential.
>
> There are enough mill symbols that area also with the tavern symbol to make me wonder if by some chance taverns and mills were conjoined as in next to one another and due to the scale of the map, are shown as one. Bob Jolley related that mills were easily spotted due to broken whiskey bottles, harmonica plates and .22 cartridges which were all part of the wait for your grain to be run through the mill. But that was a BYOB situation versus an actual tavern.
>
> Has anyone run across conjoined/nearby mills and taverns? My inclination is to consider these as cartographic errors and to go with assigning them depending upon proximity to water as mills and as taverns if they are close to a road.
>
> Lyle Browning, RPA
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